Peran Toke dan Pakang dalam Tradisi Marosok pada Jual Beli Ternak: Dinamika, Kecurangan, dan Wanprestasi dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of toke (major trader) and pakang (intermediary)
in the marosok tradition of livestock trading, as well as to examine its dynamics, fraud,
and default from an Islamic economic perspective. This research employs a qualitative
approach with a descriptive-analytical method focusing on the social meanings and
ethical values embedded in marosok practices. Data were collected through
participatory observation, in-depth interviews with toke, pakang, and market
participants in Tanah Datar and Payakumbuh, along with relevant literature
documentation. The findings reveal that marosok serves as a trust-based economic
system that integrates Minangkabau customary law with Islamic moral values.
However, the practice faces challenges such as deception and default, which deviate
from the Islamic principles of honesty (?idq), justice (‘adl), and trustworthiness
(amanah). From an Islamic economic perspective, marosok remains permissible as
long as it fulfills elements of clarity, fairness, and mutual consent. Therefore,
revitalizing Islamic values in the practice of marosok is essential to maintain it as a
just, ethical, and sustainable form of traditional economic activity.