Intervensi Pemerintah dalam Ekonomi Islam: Analisis Maqasid dan Nalar Keadilan Klasik Kontemporer

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the role of government in Islamic economics through a philosophical and conceptual–thematic approach based on classical, modern, and contemporary literature. The study focuses on state intervention from the perspectives of maq??id al-shar?‘ah, distributive justice, market regulation, and Islamic fiscal instruments as the foundation for justice-based economic governance. Using a literature study method with conceptual thematic analysis of 15 selected academic sources including classical scholars (Al-M?ward?, Al-Ghaz?l?, Ibn Khald?n), modern thinkers (Chapra, Kahf, Mannan, Al-Sadr), and contemporary researchers (Darus, Mirakhor, Yumna, Hidayati, Siswantoro, Subekti) this research explores the philosophical grounding and operational implications of governmental roles in Islamic economic systems. The findings show that the role of government in Islamic economics is rooted in moral and maqasid-based foundations, where the state functions as a guardian of values, market regulator, architect of wealth distribution structures, and manager of Islamic fiscal instruments such as zakat, waqf, and Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS). The study proposes a conceptual four-layer model of governmental roles consisting of: (1) guardian of maqasid, (2) regulator of distribution and markets, (3) manager of Islamic fiscal instruments, and (4) facilitator of human development. This research reinforces that state intervention is a systemic and sharia-mandated obligation in Islamic economics not merely a technocratic option and holds strong relevance in addressing contemporary socio-economic challenges such as inequality, structural poverty, and the dominance of digital capitalism.