Ijtihad Ulama Nusantara dalam Menyikapi Masalah Fikih Modern: Studi Kasus Fatwa Ulama Madura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62730/imej.v1i02.319Keywords:
Ijtihad, Madurese Scholars, Modern Fiqh, Fatwa, PesantrenAbstract
This study aims to analyze the dynamics and transformation of the ijtihad methodology of Madurese scholars in responding to various modern jurisprudence (fiqh) issues. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research examines the fatwa determination process, both individually and collectively, within the Madurese pesantren environment. The results indicate a paradigm shift from ijtihad qauli (textual) toward ijtihad manhaji (methodological) and ijtihad jamai (collective), which are more adaptive and multidisciplinary. Data reveals that between 2020 and 2025, ijtihad manhaji dominated with 46% of the total fatwas produced. Factors influencing this process include the dominance of the Shafi'i school, integration of general sciences, local wisdom, and the strong authority of senior kyai figures and pesantren institutions. Madurese scholars have proven capable of blending classical fiqh traditions with modern demands, as seen in fatwas regarding COVID-19 vaccination, digital zakat, and sharia fintech. This study concludes that the transformation of ijtihad in Madura serves as a progressive and inclusive model for Islamic law development without losing its traditional religious identity.
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